Materiais sustentáveis na construção civil: análise comparativa e suas contribuições ambientais
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Especialista Jéssica Marcelle Corradi Diniz Gonçalves Martins
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A construção civil é uma das atividades humanas que mais consome recursos naturais e gera impactos ambientais. Diante desse cenário, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o uso de materiais sustentáveis na construção civil, destacando suas vantagens técnicas, ambientais, sociais e econômicas. A pesquisa apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais conceitos de sustentabilidade, certificações ambientais e critérios para a escolha de materiais sustentáveis. Em seguida, são analisados quatro materiais: concreto reciclado, tijolo solo-cimento, bambu e aço reciclado, comparando-se seu desempenho técnico, durabilidade, custo, emissões de CO₂ e impacto ambiental em relação aos materiais convencionais. A análise também inclui exemplos de edificações brasileiras que adotaram esses materiais, como o Museu do Amanhã (RJ), o Pavilhão de Bambu (RJ) e a Casa MP (SP), reforçando a viabilidade e os benefícios dessas soluções. O estudo evidencia que, apesar dos avanços e do cenário promissor, ainda existem desafios a serem enfrentados, como o alto custo inicial, o desconhecimento técnico do mercado e a necessidade de políticas públicas e incentivos que ampliem o acesso e a adoção de práticas construtivas mais sustentáveis.
The construction industry is one of the human activities that consumes the most natural resources and generates significant environmental impacts. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the use of sustainable materials in civil construction, highlighting their technical, environmental, social, and economic advantages. The research presents a literature review on the main concepts of sustainability, environmental certifications, and criteria for selecting sustainable materials. It then analyzes four materials: recycled concrete, soil-cement brick, bamboo, and recycled steel comparing their technical performance, durability, cost, CO₂ emissions, and environmental impact in relation to conventional materials. The analysis also includes examples of Brazilian buildings that have adopted these materials, such as the Museum of Tomorrow (RJ), Bamboo Pavilion (RJ), and Home MP (SP), reinforcing the feasibility and benefits of these solutions. The study shows that, despite progress and a promising outlook, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as high initial costs, lack of market knowledge, and the need for public policies and incentives to expand access to and adoption of more sustainable construction practices.
The construction industry is one of the human activities that consumes the most natural resources and generates significant environmental impacts. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the use of sustainable materials in civil construction, highlighting their technical, environmental, social, and economic advantages. The research presents a literature review on the main concepts of sustainability, environmental certifications, and criteria for selecting sustainable materials. It then analyzes four materials: recycled concrete, soil-cement brick, bamboo, and recycled steel comparing their technical performance, durability, cost, CO₂ emissions, and environmental impact in relation to conventional materials. The analysis also includes examples of Brazilian buildings that have adopted these materials, such as the Museum of Tomorrow (RJ), Bamboo Pavilion (RJ), and Home MP (SP), reinforcing the feasibility and benefits of these solutions. The study shows that, despite progress and a promising outlook, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as high initial costs, lack of market knowledge, and the need for public policies and incentives to expand access to and adoption of more sustainable construction practices.