Modelagem de torres de linhas de transmissão e sua influência na suportabilidade elétrica dos arranjos isolantes solicitados por sobretensões atmosféricas
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Abstract
Atmospheric discharges are natural phenomena responsible for the occurrence of high-magnitude disturbances in electrical systems. The incidence of electrical discharges in power transmission systems results in the injection of a high-magnitude surge current through the components of these systems, such as towers, lightning protection wires, phase conductors, and grounding systems. The product of the atmospheric electric current and the impedance of the system components produces high-amplitude overvoltages that must be withstood by insulation systems, particularly insulator strings. In this context, it is of great importance to accurately represent the surge impedance of transmission line towers both for carrying out insulation coordination projects and for studies of the electrical performance of transmission lines under atmospheric overvoltages. Thus, the use of models capable of accurately representing the surge impedance of transmission lines is necessary to reduce the number of outages in transmission systems. Motivated by this need, this work presents investigative studies on the main mathematical models for determining the surge impedance of transmission line towers, whether based on electromagnetic methods or experimental tests. To this end, a computational model capable of performing surge impedance calculations for towers, based on each model identified in the literature review, was developed using the ATPDraw software and the MODELS language. The results obtained were validated using surge impedance values from scaled-down tower models and real towers. Additionally, analyses were conducted to evaluate the influences of both the propagation speed of the atmospheric discharge along the tower and the positioning of the insulating arrangements on the silhouette of the towers during the occurrence of the backflashover phenomenon. The findings are relevant for obtaining more realistic and accurate results in studies of the electrical performance of transmission lines.
