Estudo comparativo da viabilidade econômica do fornecimento de energia entre o mercado livre e a geração fotovoltaica

This work aims to carry out a comparative study between the free energy market and photovoltaic generation, mainly aimed at legal entities, but which can also be applied to individuals. The motivation of the theme is due to the importance of expanding the understanding for the growth of electricity generation through renewable and attractive sources. The present work and all the discussions mentioned here will be based on knowledge and policies present in Brazil. In this context, the theme aims to present the free energy market that allows the consumer to purchase energy, without necessarily being dependent on a distributor. For the free energy market, contracted energy can be both conventional, for example hydroelectric and thermoelectric, and sources from incentivized sources such as biomass, solar and wind. As the energy coming from incentive has financial resources by the government for the investor, it becomes charged, consequently increasing energy consumption through alternative sources. In addition to the possibility of purchasing energy directly from the supplier, currently in Brazil, there is the possibility for consumers to invest in building their own plant from renewable sources, an option that also became viable after the electrical incentives. For this segment, solar energy stands out due to climatic conditions and also due to the ease of purchase of the main components such as photovoltaic modules and inverters for the development of solar generation. Aiming at both the possibilities of electricity consumption that encourage renewable energies and also a significant reduction in its costs, the work presents a case study for a consumer profile that can help other consumers in decision making. It was concluded that both the free energy market and photovoltaic energy are both advantageous in terms of sustainability, more affordable prices than conventionally consuming energy, regulation according to the law, flexible negotiation, easy installation after obtaining the necessary knowledge. On the other hand, with the constant evolution of the free market and because of this lack of initial investment, it becomes more viable than building a photovoltaic project, accumulating a greater financial amount.